Relays are mechanically operated, so the contacts wear out due to repeated switching operations. Transistors do not have a life span related to the number of switching operations. Relays have a wider temperature range than transistors and are therefore more resistant to temperature than transistors. Transistors have a temperature range over which they can operate and may be damaged if that temperature range is exceeded. Relays, when off, are physically isolated and therefore completely open and of infinite resistance. This leakage current can affect electronic circuits. Therefore, some leakage current will flow. Transistors are not completely infinite resistance when off. In addition, relays do not require heat dissipation measures when used within their ratings. Also, the power loss when a relay is on is smaller than that of a transistor. Therefore, compared to transistors, the voltage drop generated when current flows are small. Relays have a very small resistance when on (the resistance when on is called contact resistance). Therefore, a voltage drop occurs when a current flows through the transistor. When turned on, a transistor has a minute resistance (this resistance is called on-resistance). However, relay contacts may burn out if switching operation is performed at high currents. Therefore, they are more resistant to surge currents and surge voltages. Relays have a higher rated voltage and rated current than transistors. They are also vulnerable to surge currents and surge voltages. Therefore, they can only be used within the range of the rated current and the rated voltage or less. Transistors have a fixed rated current (the maximum current that can flow through the transistor) and rated voltage (the maximum voltage that can be applied to the transistor). Therefore, they cannot switch at high speeds they cannot switch at speeds in the kHz range (the limit is around 200 Hz). Therefore, they can switch at high speeds in the MHz and GHz range. Transistors use semiconductors for switching. ![]() Relays are larger in size than transistors. In a relay, the input (coil side) and output (contact side) are insulated. In a transistor (MOSFET), the input (gate terminal side) and output (drain and source terminals) are not insulated.
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